Why am I passionate about this?

I (Robert) am primarily interested in modern British history. During my postgraduate studies, I worked mainly with government papers that had just been declassified. Like many historians, I enjoy unraveling the mystery that archival research offers and shedding light on forgotten or unheard stories. Meanwhile, Peter, my co-author, is passionate about the intersection between national security and human rights. He developed this interest during his PhD research, which examined the institutionalization of torture during the Iraq War. This research relied heavily on documents released via freedom of information requests and leaks, both of which are relevant to our book on the Official Record. 


I wrote...

The Official Record: Oversight, National Security and Democracy

By Robert Ledger and Peter Finn,

Book cover of The Official Record: Oversight, National Security and Democracy

What is my book about?

The construction, control, and preservation of the Official Record is inherently contested. Those seeking greater openness and (democratic) accountability argue…

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The books I picked & why

Book cover of All the President's Men

Robert Ledger and Peter Finn Why did I love this book?

One of the defining accounts of the original political scandal, Watergate, ultimately brought down US President Richard Nixon; Bernstein and Woodward’s book (later superbly adapted as a film starring Dustin Hoffman and Robert Redford) is partly so intriguing because it conveys the energy of a 1970s newsroom and the surprising level of access to the Nixon administration.

Ultimately, though, this book is still vital because it brings together several themes crucial in understanding the Official Record: secrecy and its corrosive impact on democracy, whistleblowers, perceived impunity, and the impact that determined and courageous journalists can exert on the powerful.

By Carl Bernstein, Bob Woodward,

Why should I read it?

6 authors picked All the President's Men as one of their favorite books, and they share why you should read it.

What is this book about?

50th Anniversary Edition—With a new foreword on what Watergate means today.

“The work that brought down a presidency...perhaps the most influential piece of journalism in history” (Time)—from the #1 New York Times bestselling authors of The Final Days.

The most devastating political detective story of the century: two Washington Post reporters, whose brilliant, Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation smashed the Watergate scandal wide open, tell the behind-the-scenes drama the way it really happened.

One of Time magazine’s All-Time 100 Best Nonfiction Books, this is the book that changed America. Published just months before President Nixon’s resignation, All the President’s Men revealed the…


Book cover of The History Thieves: Secrets, Lies and the Shaping of a Modern Nation

Robert Ledger and Peter Finn Why did I love this book?

Written by perhaps the best journalist who has made it their business to explore and expose the more nefarious aspects of UK foreign policy in recent decades, this book should be read by all interested in UK foreign policy.

Written in an accessible style, this book provides details about the manipulation of the UK official record in places as diverse as Kenya, Yemen, Cyprus, and the UK itself.

The book illuminates key moments in history and explains slightly confounding terms such as D-Notices and the Official Secrets Act.

By Ian Cobain,

Why should I read it?

2 authors picked The History Thieves as one of their favorite books, and they share why you should read it.

What is this book about?

In 1889, the first Official Secrets Act was passed, creating offences of 'disclosure of information' and 'breach of official trust'. It limited and monitored what the public could, and should, be told. Since then a culture of secrecy has flourished. As successive governments have been selective about what they choose to share with the public, we have been left with a distorted and incomplete understanding not only of the workings of the state but of our nation's culture and its past.

In this important book, Ian Cobain offers a fresh appraisal of some of the key moments in British history…


Book cover of The Pentagon's Brain: An Uncensored History of DARPA, America's Top-Secret Military Research Agency

Robert Ledger and Peter Finn Why did I love this book?

In this book, Annie Jacobsen does the (almost) impossible by documenting the history of DARPA (full name: Defense Advanced Research Project Agency), which has been key to technological advancement within US national security operations since the height of the Cold War.

Jacobsen does this by drawing on documents from the US Official Record and interviews to evidence DARPA's role and history. As a result, she shows that, while it has not carried out research itself, it has acted as a crucial hub for cutting-edge research by academics, defense contractors, and other parts of the US government, with the insights of this research applied as quickly as possible.

By Annie Jacobsen,

Why should I read it?

2 authors picked The Pentagon's Brain as one of their favorite books, and they share why you should read it.

What is this book about?

No one has ever written the history of the Defense Department's most secret, most powerful and most controversial military science R&D agency. In the first-ever history of the organization, New York Times bestselling author Annie Jacobsen draws on inside sources, exclusive interviews, private documents and declassified memos to paint a picture of DARPA, or "the Pentagon's brain," from its Cold War inception in 1958 to the present.

This is the book on DARPA - a compelling narrative about this clandestine intersection of science and the American military and the often frightening results.


Book cover of Greek and Roman Political Ideas: A Pelican Introduction

Robert Ledger and Peter Finn Why did I love this book?

This excellent book is especially useful to those intrigued about the political ideas that currently dominate self-styled liberal western democracies such as the US, the UK, and Canada. Rather than lionize classical Greek or Roman history, this book instead provides nuanced narratives that are intelligible to the non-expert.

These narratives can be drawn on to understand the contested nature of the relationship between citizen and state and some of the historical roots of influential ideas such as justice, republicanism, and sovereignty.

By Melissa Lane,

Why should I read it?

1 author picked Greek and Roman Political Ideas as one of their favorite books, and they share why you should read it.

What is this book about?

Where do our ideas about politics come from?
What can we learn from the Greeks and Romans?
How should we exercise power?

Melissa Lane teaches politics at Princeton University, and previously taught political thought at the University of Cambridge, where she was a Fellow of King's College. She has received a Guggenheim Fellowship in the field of classics, and the historian Richard Tuck called her book Eco-Republic 'a virtuoso performance by one of our best scholars of ancient philosophy.'


Book cover of Presidents' Secrets: The Use and Abuse of Hidden Power

Robert Ledger and Peter Finn Why did I love this book?

Written by Mary Graham of the Harvard University-affiliated The Transparency Policy Project, this book explores how eight presidents stretching backward from Barack Obama to George Washington have dealt with the tensions inherent in government secrecy within a society that (at least in theory and often only for some) allows citizens to feed into the management of government affairs.

Graham illustrates that secrecy has been utilized as much to hide mistakes as it has been to protect national security, as well as exploring key moments in the history of secrecy in the US, such as the labyrinth inquiries that followed the Vietnam War, the Watergate scandal, and the Nixon administration.

By Mary Graham,

Why should I read it?

1 author picked Presidents' Secrets as one of their favorite books, and they share why you should read it.

What is this book about?

How presidents use secrecy to protect the nation, foster diplomacy, and gain power

Ever since the nation's most important secret meeting-the Constitutional Convention-presidents have struggled to balance open, accountable government with necessary secrecy in military affairs and negotiations. For the first one hundred and twenty years, a culture of open government persisted, but new threats and technology have long since shattered the old bargains. Today, presidents neither protect vital information nor provide the open debate Americans expect.

Mary Graham tracks the rise in governmental secrecy that began with surveillance and loyalty programs during Woodrow Wilson's administration, explores how it developed…


Explore my book 😀

The Official Record: Oversight, National Security and Democracy

By Robert Ledger and Peter Finn,

Book cover of The Official Record: Oversight, National Security and Democracy

What is my book about?

The construction, control, and preservation of the Official Record is inherently contested. Those seeking greater openness and (democratic) accountability argue 'sunlight is [...] the best of disinfectants', while others seek stricter information control because, to their mind, sound government arises when advice and policy are formulated secretly.

This edited volume explores the intersection of the Official Record, oversight, national security, and democracy. Through several case studies, this volume will benefit undergraduate readers of higher levels and above to explore the official record in the context of the national security operations of democratic states. All chapters are research-based pieces of original writing that feature a document appendix containing primary documents. As a result, this book interrogates the boundaries between national security, accountability, oversight, and the Official Record.

Book cover of All the President's Men
Book cover of The History Thieves: Secrets, Lies and the Shaping of a Modern Nation
Book cover of The Pentagon's Brain: An Uncensored History of DARPA, America's Top-Secret Military Research Agency

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No Average Day: The 24 Hours of October 24, 1944

By Rona Simmons,

Book cover of No Average Day: The 24 Hours of October 24, 1944

Rona Simmons Author Of No Average Day: The 24 Hours of October 24, 1944

New book alert!

Why am I passionate about this?

I come by my interest in history and the years before, during, and after the Second World War honestly. For one thing, both my father and my father-in-law served as pilots in the war, my father a P-38 pilot in North Africa and my father-in-law a B-17 bomber pilot in England. Their histories connect me with a period I think we can still almost reach with our fingertips and one that has had a momentous impact on our lives today. I have taken that interest and passion to discover and write true life stories of the war—focusing on the untold and unheard stories often of the “Average Joe.”

Rona's book list on World War II featuring the average Joe

What is my book about?

October 24, 1944, is not a day of national remembrance. Yet, more Americans serving in World War II perished on that day than on any other single day of the war.

The narrative of No Average Day proceeds hour by hour and incident by incident while focusing its attention on ordinary individuals—clerks, radio operators, cooks, sailors, machinist mates, riflemen, and pilots and their air crews. All were men who chose to serve their country and soon found themselves in a terrifying and otherworldly place.

No Average Day reveals the vastness of the war as it reaches past the beaches in…

No Average Day: The 24 Hours of October 24, 1944

By Rona Simmons,

What is this book about?

October 24, 1944, is not a day of national remembrance. Yet, more Americans serving in World War II perished on that day than on December 7, 1941, when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, or on June 6, 1944, when the Allies stormed the beaches of Normandy, or on any other single day of the war. In its telling of the events of October 24, No Average Day proceeds hour by hour and incident by incident. The book begins with Army Private First-Class Paul Miller's pre-dawn demise in the Sendai #6B Japanese prisoner of war camp. It concludes with the death…


5 book lists we think you will like!

Interested in Watergate, decision making, and democracy?

Watergate 20 books
Decision Making 88 books
Democracy 120 books